VOZ PASSIVA em Inglês | Guia Completo e Definitivo

As vozes verbais mostram a relação entre o sujeito e a ação na frase. Na voz ativa (active voice), o sujeito realiza a ação, tornando a comunicação mais direta e dinâmica. Já na voz passiva (passive voice), o sujeito recebe a ação, o que pode ser útil para enfatizar o resultado ou quando o agente da ação não é relevante. Neste post, vamos explorar quando e como usar cada uma delas para tornar sua escrita mais clara e eficaz! 🚀

FORMAÇÃO DA VOZ PASSIVA

Formamos a voz passiva com o verbo to be (no tempo verbal principal) e o particípio passado do verbo principal. Aqui exemplos práticos:

SIMPLE PRESENT

Voz ativa

• Joe paints the house every year. (Joe pinta a casa todos os anos.)

Voz passiva

• The house is painted by Joe every year. (A casa é pintada por Joe todo ano.)

• The house isn’t painted by Joe every year. (A casa não é pintada por Joe todo ano.)

• Is the house painted by Joe every year? (A casa é pintada por Joe todo ano?)

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Voz ativa:

• Joe is painting the house. (O Joe está pintando a casa.)

Voz passiva:

• The house is being painted by Joe. (A casa está sendo pintada por Joe.)

• The house isn’t being painted by Joe. (A casa não está sendo pintada por Joe.)

• Is the house being painted by Joe? (A casa está sendo pintada por Joe?)

SIMPLE FUTURE

Voz ativa

• Joe will paint the house. (O Joe pintará a casa.)

Voz ativa

• The house will be painted by Joe. (A casa será pintada por Joe.)

• The house won’t be painted by Joe. (A casa não será pintada por Joe.)

• Will the house be painted by Joe? (A casa será pintada por Joe?)

BE GOING TO

Voz ativa

• Joe is going to paint the house. (O Joe vai pintar a casa.)

Voz passiva

• The house is going to be painted by Joe. (A casa vai ser pintada por Joe.)

• The house isn’t going to be painted by Joe. (A casa não vai ser pintada por Joe.)

• Is the house going to be painted by Joe? (A casa vai ser pintada por Joe?)

PRESENT PERFECT

Voz ativa

• Joe has painted the house. (O Joe tem pintado a casa.)

Voz passiva

• The house has been painted by Joe. (A casa tem sido pintada por Joe.)

• The house hasn’t been painted by Joe. (A casa não tem sido pintada por Joe.)

• Has the house been painted by Joe? (A casa tem sido pintada por Joe?)

SIMPLE PAST

Voz ativa

• Joe painted the house. (O Joe pintou a casa.)

Voz passiva

• The house was painted by Joe. (A casa foi pintada por Joe.)

• The house wasn’t painted by Joe. (A casa não foi pintada por Joe.)

• Was the house painted by Joe? (A casa foi pintada por Joe?)

PAST CONTINUOUS

Voz ativa

• Joe was painting the house. (O Joe estava pintando a casa.)

Voz passiva

• The house was being painted by Joe. (A casa estava sendo pintada por Joe.)

• The house wasn’t being painted by Joe. (A casa não estava sendo pintada por Joe.)

• Was the house being painted by Joe? (A casa estava sendo pintada por Joe?)

PAST PERFECT

Voz ativa

• Joe had painted the house. (O Joe tinha pintado a casa.)

Voz passiva

• The house had been painted by Joe. (A casa tinha sido pintada por Joe.)

• The house hadn’t been painted by Joe. (A casa não tinha sido pintada por Joe.)

• Had the house been painted by Joe? (A casa tinha sido pintada por Joe? )  

FUTURE PERFECT

Voz ativa

• By next week, Joe will have painted the house. (Até a próxima semana, o Joe terá pintado a casa.)

Voz passiva

• By next week, the house will have been painted. (Até a próxima semana, a casa terá sido pintada.)

• By next week, the house won’t have been painted. (Até a próxima semana, a casa não terá sido pintada.)

• Will the house have been painted by next week? (Até a próxima semana, a casa terá sido pintada? ) 

USOS DA VOZ PASSIVA

1. Usos da Voz Passiva com Modais

A voz passiva pode ser formada com os modais can, could, would e would have. Veja os exemplos:

• This bird can be seen in the tropics. (Este pássaro pode ser visto nos trópicos.)

• No language can be learned so quickly. (Nenhuma língua pode ser aprendida tão rapidamente.)

• This painting could be sold for a good price. (Este quadro poderia ser vendido por um bom preço.)

• The house would be painted this year. (A casa seria pintada este ano.)

• The e-mails would be sent, if the secretary were here now. (Os e-mails seriam enviados, se a secretária estivesse aqui agora.)

• The cake would have been made if we had all the ingredients. (O bolo teria sido feito, se tivéssemos todos os ingredientes.)

2. Tempos Verbais Não Usados na Voz Passiva

Os seguintes tempos verbais contínuos não são usados na voz passiva:

• Present Perfect Continuous

• Past Perfect Continuous

• Future Continuous

• Future Perfect Continuous

3. Usos Gerais da Voz Passiva

Semelhança com o Português

• The mail is delivered every day. (A correspondência é entregue diariamente.)

• Were these computer chips made in Taiwan? (Esses chips para computadores foram fabricados em Taiwan?)

• The killer will be sent to jail. (O assassino será mandado para a prisão.)

Sujeito Indefinido

A voz passiva é usada quando o sujeito é indefinido, similar ao sujeito indeterminado em português.

• They eat avocado with sugar in Brazil. (No Brasil, comem abacate com açúcar.) → Avocado is eaten with sugar in Brazil. (Abacate é comido com açúcar no Brasil.)

• They play baseball everywhere in the USA. (Jogam beisebol em toda parte nos EUA.) → Baseball is played everywhere in the USA. (O beisebol é jogado em toda parte nos EUA.)

A voz ativa com they ou people é mais comum na linguagem informal, enquanto a voz passiva é mais usada na linguagem formal.

Equivalência à Voz Passiva Sintética em Português

Em inglês, a voz passiva equivale tanto à voz passiva analítica quanto à sintética do português.

• Portuguese is spoken in Brazil. (Fala-se português no Brasil. / Português é falado no Brasil.)

• A lot of rice is eaten in China. (Come-se muito arroz na China. / Muito arroz é comido na China.)

• Honey is sold here. (Vende-se mel aqui. / Mel é vendido aqui.)

• It is said that the price of gas will go up again. (Diz-se que o preço da gasolina subirá novamente.)

O Verbo to bear para NASCER

Inglês não tem um equivalente exato para nascer. Usa-se a voz passiva de to bear.

• I was born in 1960. (Eu nasci em 1960.)

• When were you born? (Quando você nasceu?)

• Fritz was born in Germany. (O Fritz nasceu na Alemanha.)

• Many babies are born in this hospital every day. (Muitos bebês nascem neste hospital diariamente.)

Verbos com Dois Objetos

Verbos como to ask, to offer, to send, to show, to teach, to pay, to tell e to give podem ter dois objetos (direto e indireto).

• They asked the President many questions. → The President was asked many questions.

• Wasn’t the position offered to him? / Wasn’t he offered the position?

• Two options were given to Peter, but he refused both. / Peter was given two options, but he refused both.

• Several beautiful necklaces were shown to the rich lady. / The rich lady was shown several beautiful necklaces.

Uso de GET na Voz Passiva

Get pode substituir be na voz passiva, principalmente na linguagem informal, para indicar que algo acontece a alguém.

• There was an accident but nobody got (= was) hurt. (Houve um acidente, mas ninguém se machucou.)

• William got (= was) promoted last week. (O William foi promovido na semana passada.)

• The cat always gets (= is) scared when the dog barks. (O gato sempre fica assustado quando o cachorro late.)

No entanto, nem todos os verbos permitem essa substituição.

That actor is admired by many people. (Aquele ator é admirado por muita gente.) – Não se usa get neste caso.

EXERCÍCIO

Transforme as frases abaixo da voz ativa para a voz passiva.

1. The chef prepared a delicious meal.
2. The company launched a new product last week.
3. They will complete the project soon.
4. She wrote an amazing novel.
5. The teacher explained the lesson clearly.
6. The manager gave the employees a bonus.
7. The police arrested the criminal yesterday.
8. The children are playing soccer in the park.
9. Someone stole my phone last night.
10. They built a new hospital in the city.
11. The scientist discovered a new planet.
12. They have finished the report.
13. The students will present their projects tomorrow.
14. The artist painted a beautiful portrait.
15. The government implemented new policies.
16. The mechanic repaired my car.
17. The journalist interviewed the famous actor.
18. They were watching a movie when I arrived.
19. The team won the championship.
20. The workers are renovating the building.
21. The president signed the agreement.
22. The volunteers helped the victims of the flood.
23. The company is producing electric cars.
24. They will announce the results next week.
25. The storm destroyed several houses.
26. The nurse gave the patient some medicine.
27. The firefighters rescued the trapped passengers.
28. The court sentenced the criminal to ten years in prison.
29. The engineer designed the new bridge.
30. The kids broke the window while playing.

RESPOSTAS

1. A delicious meal was prepared by the chef.
2. A new product was launched last week by the company.
3. The project will be completed soon.
4. An amazing novel was written by her.
5. The lesson was explained clearly by the teacher.
6. The employees were given a bonus by the manager. / A bonus was given to the employees by the manager.
7. The criminal was arrested yesterday by the police.
8. Soccer is being played in the park by the children.
9. My phone was stolen last night.
10. A new hospital was built in the city.
11. A new planet was discovered by the scientist.
12. The report has been finished.
13. The projects will be presented tomorrow by the students.
14. A beautiful portrait was painted by the artist.
15. New policies were implemented by the government.
16. My car was repaired by the mechanic.
17. The famous actor was interviewed by the journalist.
18. A movie was being watched when I arrived.
19. The championship was won by the team.
20. The building is being renovated by the workers.
21. The agreement was signed by the president.
22. The victims of the flood were helped by the volunteers.
23. Electric cars are being produced by the company.
24. The results will be announced next week.
25. Several houses were destroyed by the storm.
26. The patient was given some medicine by the nurse. / Some medicine was given to the patient by the nurse.
27. The trapped passengers were rescued by the firefighters.
28. The criminal was sentenced to ten years in prison by the court.
29. The new bridge was designed by the engineer.
30. The window was broken by the kids while playing.

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